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直接引語變間接引語的五點變化

1. 時態的變化

直接引語變為間接引語時，若主句為過去時態，變為間接引語的賓語從句通常要將時態往后推一個，即：一般現在時變為一般過去時，一般將來時變為過去將來時，現在進行時變為過去進行時，現在完成時變為過去完成時，一般過去時也變為過去完成時，等等(若直接引語為過去完成時，變為間接引語可以不變)。另外，若直接引語中有情態動詞can, may等，也應變成過去式could, might等(情態動詞must可以變為had to，也可不變，should, ought to, had better 等可以不變)：

“I want to stay here.” he said. 他說：“我想留在這兒。”

→He said that he wanted to stay there. 他說他想留在那兒。

She said, “It’s raining very hard.” 他說：“雨下得很大。”

→He said that it was raining very hard. 他說雨下得很大。

Jim said, “I can speak Chinese.” 吉姆說：“我會講漢語。”

→Jim said that he could speak Chinese. 吉姆說他會講漢語

(1) 若直接引語為客觀真理，則變為間接引語時時態不變：

He said, “The sun rises in the east.” 他說：“太陽從東方升起。”

→He said that the sun rises in the east. 他說太陽從東方升起。

(2) 有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語，變為間接引語時時態也可不變：

He said, “ was born in 1988.” 說：“我是1988年生的。”

→He said that he was born in 1988. 他說他是1988年生的。

2. 時間狀語的變化

直接引語變間接引語時，有些時間狀語根據情況也要相應的改動：如將now改為then，將today 改為that day，將tonight改為that night，將yesterday改為the day before，將this month改為that month，將last week改為the week before，將three years ago改為three years before，將tomorrow改為the next day，將next year改為the next year，等等：

He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他說：“我現在很忙。”

→He said that he was very busy then. 他說他當時很忙。

He said, “I want to leave today.” 他說：“他想今天離開。”

→He said that he wanted to leave that day. 他說他想那天就離開。

He said, “She left yesterday.” 他說：“她昨天離開了。”

→He said that she had left the day before. 他說她前一天就離開了。

She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她說：“我明天告訴你。”

→She said that she would tell me the next day. 她說她第二天告訴我。

以上變化有時應視情況而定，若在當時轉述，now不必改為then；若在當天轉述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改為that day, the day before, the next day等；若在當周轉述，this week, last week 不必改為that week, the last week；若在當年轉述，this year, last year 不必改為that year, the last year等。(from m.52ysedu.com)

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