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關于分詞的獨立主格結構

在通常情況下，分詞作狀語時它的邏輯主語應與句子主語一致，若不一致，則應改用其他句型。如：

誤：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down.

正：Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 過馬路時他被車撞倒了。

正：When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他過馬路時車子把他撞倒了。

解決狀語分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致的問題，也可在分詞前加一個名詞或代詞，使之成為分詞的邏輯主語。由于加在分詞前的名詞或代詞要用主格形式，故稱分詞的獨立主格結構。如：

The job finished, we went home. 工作結束后我們就回家了。

The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天氣很好，我們就去游泳了。

He being absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。