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英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)詳解：過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

一、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間。動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去，由上下文決定。如：

I heard by July you’d have been teaching here for ten years.  我聽(tīng)說(shuō)到七月份，你就在這里教了10年書(shū)了。

二、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“would have been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。如：

He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years.  他說(shuō)到了春季學(xué)期末，他就學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)了。

I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years.  我知道到那時(shí)他他就在那兒工作滿30年了。

She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer.  她告訴我到年年夏天她在那所大學(xué)教書(shū)就滿20年了。

三、間接引語(yǔ)與過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

在間接引語(yǔ)中，若主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，則用于賓語(yǔ)從句中的間接引語(yǔ)則要把將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)改為過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：

I know by this time next week you’ll have been working here for 30 years.

→I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years.

She will have been teaching in this university for 20 years by this summer.

→She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer.

四、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與虛擬語(yǔ)氣

在特定的語(yǔ)境中，有時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。如：

At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car，because Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him in front. If Tom’s boy had not been there I would have been sitting in front.  事故發(fā)生的時(shí)候，我坐在車子的后座，因為湯姆的小兒子坐在前邊他的身旁。要是湯姆的孩子沒(méi)坐在那里的話，我就會(huì)坐在前面了。