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英語寫作中的過渡與銜接

書面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)把銜接和連貫是作為核心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來要求的。之所以如此強(qiáng)調(diào)銜接和連貫，是因?yàn)檫@是構(gòu)成語篇的最基本的條件。語句間的連接成份是衡量銜接與連貫很重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。構(gòu)成語篇連接成份的過渡詞語，被稱為“篇章紐帶”，其語篇銜接作用是不言而喻的，學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)正確恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠@些表示邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，使文章前后連貫，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，過渡自然。

一、表示過渡與銜接的常用方式

表示順序的：first, then, finally 等

表示時(shí)間的：in the past, now, at present, in the future 等

表示轉(zhuǎn)折的：but, however; on the contrary, in the mean while, at the same time, instead, unfortunately, after all 等

表示遞進(jìn)的：What's more, besides, even, moreover, furthermore 等

表示并列的：as well as, both...and, neither...nor, either...or, some... some...等

表示因果的：because, as, now that, so, therefore 等

表示列舉的：for example, for instance, such as 等

表示總結(jié)的：in a word, in all, in short, in brief, in conclusion 等

表示對(duì)比的：while, on one hand, on the other hand, in the same way, just as 等

表示程度的：first of all, above all, again and again等

表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的：indeed, certainly, of course, surely, above all 等

二、合理安排句型

1. 注意把意思相近、相似、互為補(bǔ)充的句子，修飾合為一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，使重點(diǎn)突出，并且要明確內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系。如：

When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birth, or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want.

改為：To celebrate my birthday, my mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want.

改后的句子有兩句變?yōu)橐痪洌�句義更易理解，邏輯更清楚。

2. 注意中文和英文兩種語言的區(qū)別

(1) 英文把中心句放在句首，而中文放在句末。如：見到你很高興。

I’m very glad to see you again.

(2) 中文中主語多為人稱代詞，而英語中，人稱代詞、名詞、動(dòng)名詞短語、不定式、從句等等都能作主語。如：

It’s important to learn English well.

Where and when will the meeting be held has not been decided.

We aim at quality rather than quantity.

The article is beautifully written.

One should do his best to help others.

(3) 英文常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而中文常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：

明天討論這個(gè)問題。

The problem will be discussed tomorrow.