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8. 比較級和最高級的常見修飾語

(1) 比較級的修飾語有far, even, still, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no, very much 等：

This is very much better. 這個好得多。

Japanese is much [far] more difficult than English. 日語比英語難多了。

He knew a great deal more than I did. 他所了解的比我了解的多得多。

He works hard, but she works still harder [harder still]. 他工作很努力，但她工作更努力。

(2) 最高級的常見修飾語有 (by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, by no means, very, second, next 等：

He is far more careful than I am. 他比我仔細得多。

This is by the best news for a long time. 這是很久以來最最好的消息。

This is much the most important. 這是最最重要的。

I think this is the very best dictionary. 我想這是最最好的詞典。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黃河是中國第二長河流。

Of the three boys Jim is by no means the cleverest. 在這三個男孩子中，吉姆絕不是最聰明的。

注：very不能修飾比較級，卻可修飾最高級，但它與一般的修飾最高的副詞有所不同，即它要放在最高級前定冠詞之后，而不是之前(另外，second, third, next等也要入在定冠詞之后)。

五、幾個重要的比較結構

1. as…as 結構。其基本意思為“與……一樣”，其中的第一個as副詞，其后通常接形容詞或副詞(用原級)，第二個as可用作介詞(后接名詞或代詞)或連詞(后接從句)。使用時應注意以下幾點：

(1) 在否定句中，第一個 as 也可換成 so：

He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他學習不如他弟弟努力。

(2) 在該結構的兩個as之間通常接形容詞或副詞的原級，但若涉及數量或程度，可用“as much+不可數名詞+as”和“as many+可數名詞復數+as”：

You’ve made as many mistakes as I have.  你犯的錯誤和我犯的一樣多。

I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原來想像的有那么多錢。

其間接形容詞時，有時該形容詞還可修飾另一名詞，但這個名詞應帶有不定冠詞(注意詞序)：

She is as good a cook as her mother. 她和她媽媽一樣是位好廚師。

也可說：She is a cook as good as her mother.

但不說：She is as a good cook as her mother. 或They are as good cooks as us.

(3) 第二個as后接從句時，該as通常為連詞，但有時這個as還充當其后從句的主語或賓語，此時該as實為關系代詞：

I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就給了他多少。

We’ve got food for as many people as want it. 我們的食物，無論多少人吃都夠了。

(4) 該結構根據情況可用使用以下修飾語：(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等，并且這些修飾語必須置于第一個as之前，而不能置于其后：

He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。

This dress is twice as expensive as that. 這件連衣裙比那件貴一倍。

(5) 若第二個as引導一個表示將來意義的從句，則該從句可用現在時表示將來，也可直接使用將來時態：

We’ll get there as soon as you do [will]. 你一到，我們就到。

(6) 在非正式場合(尤其是美國英語中)，有時可以省略第一個as：

When over forty, he married a woman poor as himself. 他在40多歲時娶了一個像他本人一樣窮的女人。

另外，若意思明確，有時可省略第二個as及其后的相關詞語：

The pianos in that shop will be cheaper, but not as good. 那家商店的收音機會便宜些，但質量沒那么好。

2. more than 與less than

(1) more than 的主要用法是：

①(指數量)多于：

I’ve known him for more than twenty years. 我已認識他20多年了。

② 不只是，不僅僅是(通常后接名詞、動詞、從句等)：

He is more than a father to her. 他待她勝過父親。

He more than smiled, but laughed. 他不只是微笑，而是放聲大笑。

The result was much more than I imagined. 結果遠遠超過我的想像。

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