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在使用分詞的邏輯主語時還要注意根據句意判斷是主動還是被動，如：

(2) _____ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told   B. Though to be told

C. Having told           D. He was told

根據句意，he 與 tell 應是被動關系。從時間上看，應該是“被告訴”在先，“沒有理解”在后，故選A。比較下題由于句中用了并列連詞but，情況有所不同：

(3) _____ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told   B. Though he was told

C. To have been told  D. He was told

此題答案選D，句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個句子為并列句，同時表明 but 前應是一個獨立的句子，而不能是一個非謂語動詞短語(所以不能選A或C)。

3. 分詞邏輯主語的特例

一般說來，分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語應與句子主語一致，但事實上有少數例外的特殊情況：

(1) 某些表示說話人態度的一些慣用分詞表達，它們在用作狀語時其邏輯主語可以與句子主語不一致：

Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般說來女人比男人活得長。

Judging from what you say，he ought to succeed. 從你的話看他應當能成功。

Considering the distance，he arrived very quickly. 考慮到路程，他到達是很快的。

Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 考慮到各種因素，你最好離開。

(2) 當句子含有先行主語it或there時，有時有作狀語的分詞短語可以與先行主語不一致：

Having so little time, there was not much that I could do. 由于時間很少，我能做的事很有限。

Being French, it’s surprising that she’s such a terrible cook. 她是法國人，但她做飯做得那么糟真是令人感到驚奇。

(3) 當分詞已轉化為介詞或連詞，此時也無需考慮主語一致問題：

Supposing she doesn’t come, what shall we do? 要是她不來我們怎么辦?(supposing為連詞，意為“假若”)

Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job. 考慮到他們沒有經驗，這工作已做得很不錯了。(given為介詞，意為“考慮到”)

(4) 當分詞暗含的邏輯主語為表示泛指意義的one或you時，也無需考慮主語的一致性問題：

In doing such work, patience is needed. 做這種工作需要耐心。(=When one does such work, patience is needed.)

4. 分詞的獨立主格結構

在通常情況下，分詞作狀語時它的邏輯主語應與句子主語一致，若不一致，則應改用其他句型，如：

誤：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down.

正：Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 過馬路時他被車撞倒了。

正：When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他過馬路時車子把他撞倒了。

解決狀語分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致的問題，也可在分詞前加一個名詞或代詞，使之成為分詞的邏輯主語。由于加在分詞前的名詞或代詞要用主格形式，故稱分詞的獨立主格結構：

The job finished, we went home. 工作結束后我們就回家了。

The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天氣很好，我們就去游泳了。

He being absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。

以上各句的the job, the weather, he 等不能省略。

六、重點考點原創精練

1. Anyone ______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.

A. seen carry             B. seen carrying         C. saw to carry          D. saw carrying

2. The plane crashed, _____ all 200 people aboard.

A. killed                   B. having killed         C. killing                  D. had killed

3. We solved the problem by reducing our costs and ______ more money.

A. borrowed              B. borrowing             C. would borrow       D. had borrowed

4. I asked the boss for a month’s holiday and, _____ it or not, he agreed.

A. believe                 B. to believe              C. believing              D. believed

5. The new manager started last week, ______ with him plenty of new ideas.

A. bringing               B. brought                C. to bring                D. to have brought

6. Any student ______ will be disqualified from the exam.(m.52ysedu.com)

A. catching cheating   B. catching to cheat    C. caught cheating     D. caught to cheat

7. She read the letter through before sending it, ______ for spelling mistakes.

A. checked                B. to be checking       C. checking               D. having checked

8. Before you decide to leave your job, ______ consider the effect it will have on your family.

A. consider               B. considering           C. to consider            D. considered

9. If you’re going on a long car journey, ______ sure the vehicle’s in good condition.

A. making                 B. to make                C. make                    D. having made

10. _______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.

A. Follow                 B. Following             C. To be following     D. Having followed

11. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others.

A. set                       B. to set                    C. to be set                D. having set

12. He pushed his way through the crowd, ______ “Excuse me.”

A. to say                   B. said                      C. saying                  D. having saying

13. The film star walked to his car, ______ a crowd of journalists.

A. followed by          B. following by         C. to follow              D. to be followed by

14. — Where is David?

—He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.

A. to get                   B. getting                  C. to be getting          D. having got

15. If you go there alone after dark you might be get ______.

A. attacked and robbed                              B. attacking and robbing

B. to attack and rob    D. to be attacked and robbed

16. She gets about quite a lot, ______ for an international company.

A. working               B. works                   C. having worked      D. to be working 

17. _____ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

A. Give                    B. To give                 C. Giving                  D. Given

18. She didn’t want to _____ a secretary all her life, so she went back to college.

A. go on being          B. go on to be           C. go to be                D. go being

19. He was reading his book, completely ______ to the world.

A. lost                      B. losing                   C. to lose                  D. to having lost

20. Don’t sit there ______ — come and help me!

A. watch                   B. watching               C. to watch               D. to be watching

21. I found I could easily make myself _______ by using sign language.

A. understood            B. understand            C. to understand        D. being understood

22. Do not leave the building unless _______ to do so.

A. to instruct             B. instructed              C. being instructed     D. instructing

23. If you don’t succeed the first time, ______ again.(m.52ysedu.com)

A. try                       B. to try                    C. trying                   D. to be trying

24. He’d walked the streets all night ______ somewhere to stay.

A. looked                  B. looked for             C. looking                 D. looked for

25. Look at that little boy ______ about — perhaps he’s lost his mother.

A. wander                 B. wandering             C. to be wandering     D. being wandering

參考答案：

01—05 BCBAA  06—10 CCACA  11—15 BCABA  16—20 AAAAB  21—25 ABADB

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