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◆busy adj.

比較以下正誤句型：

他非常忙。

正：He is very busy. / He is as busy as a bee.

誤：He is as busy as a horse [cow, fish, bird, etc].

他在忙于寫一本小說。

正：He is busy writing a novel.

誤：He is busy to write a novel.

你工作忙嗎?

正：Are you busy (with your work)?

誤：Is your work busy?

◆buy v.

1. 用作動(dòng)詞，表示“買”，可帶雙賓語；若雙賓易位，通常要用介詞 for。如：

我叔叔為我買了本英語詞典。

正：My uncle bought me an English dictionary.

正：My uncle bought an English dictionary for me.

2. 表示向某人買某物，通常用介詞 from。如：

He bought this watch from a friend. 他從一位朋友那兒買了這塊手表。

3. 表示用多少錢買某物，通常用介詞 for。如：

I bought the computer for $600. 我花600美元買了這臺(tái)電腦。

He bought it for very little money. 他買它只花了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錢。

注：有時(shí)也用介詞 at, 側(cè)重指價(jià)格。如：

He bought them for [at] 10p each. 他以每個(gè)10 便士的價(jià)格買下了它們。

4. 是終止性動(dòng)詞，因此在肯定句中不宜與一段時(shí)間連用。如：

這房子我已買了十年。

正：I bought this house ten years ago.

正：I have had this house for ten years.

正：It’s ten years since I bought this house.

誤：I have bought this house for ten years.

◆by prep.

1. 表示方式，主要用法有：

(1) 與交通工具連用，表示“乘”、“坐”。如：

by bus 乘公共汽車 by bike 騎自行車

by train 乘火車by plane 乘飛機(jī)

by taxi 乘出租車 by ship 坐輪船

有時(shí)也與那些與交通工具密切相關(guān)的名詞連用。如：

by air 乘飛機(jī) by water 走水路

by land 走陸路 等

注：以上表達(dá)通常不用冠詞，但是若表示交通工具的名詞前插有定語，則可以用冠詞。如：

We’re going by the 10:30 train. 我們坐10:30的火車去。

He went to Shanghai by a large ship. 他乘一艘大船去上海。

(2) 與抽象名詞或表抽象意義的普通名詞連用，表示“用”、“通過”等。如：

be electricity 通過電力 by experience 通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)

by force 通過武力 by hard work 通過努力

by phone 用電話 by telegram 用電報(bào)

by letter 用信件by express 用快件

by air mail 用航空郵件by ordinary mail 用平信

by post 用郵寄 by radio 用無線電 by hand 用手工 by machine 用機(jī)器

注：以上表示通常不用冠詞或其它限定詞，但是：

by this means [method] 用這種方法

(3) 與動(dòng)名詞連用。如：

He makes a living by teaching. 他以教書為生。

Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left. 鎖這扇門要把鑰匙向左轉(zhuǎn)兩圈。

2. 表示計(jì)量單位，意為“以……計(jì)”，若后接單數(shù)可數(shù)，名詞其前要用定冠詞 the；若后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或抽象名詞則通常不用冠詞。如：

They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他們所得報(bào)酬按小時(shí)(月)計(jì)。

Are bananas sold by weight or at how much a piece? 香蕉是按重量出售，還是按多少錢一根出售?

The enemy came by the thousand [by thousands]. 敵人數(shù)以千計(jì)地?fù)鋪怼?/SPAN>

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