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those用作先行詞時(shí)后接定語從句的四大類型

一、those who型

當(dāng)代詞 those 后接定語從句時(shí)，定語從句通常用關(guān)系代詞who來引導(dǎo)。如：

Those who earn most pay most tax. 掙錢最多的人交稅也最多。

Thanks are due to all those who helped. 向所有幫過忙的人表示感謝。

Thanks are due to all those who took part. 向所有參加的人表示感謝。

We kept seats for those who might arrive late. 我們給可能來晚的人留了座位。

Apologies to those of you who wrote in to complain. 向那些寫信來投拆的人致歉。

Life goes on for those of us who remain here below. 對(duì)于我們凡人來說，生活依舊。

This statue commemorates those who died in the war. 這座雕像是紀(jì)念戰(zhàn)爭死難者的。

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.  只有那些預(yù)先訂票的人可以進(jìn)去。

Early settlers paved the way for those who arrived later. 早期的移民為后來者奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. 票數(shù)有限，先申請(qǐng)者先得。

There are plenty of restaurants for those who tire of shopping. 厭煩購物的人有很多餐館可去。

Those who wish to come here will do so at their own risk. 愿意來的人都可以來，但責(zé)任自負(fù)。

He was one of those people who take delight in conveying disagreeable news. 他是那種專喜歡報(bào)憂的人。

Inevitably those who suffer the most are the mothers and children. 不可避免的是遭受最大痛苦的是母親和兒童。

The market favoured those who had property and discriminated against those who did not. 市場偏愛那些有財(cái)產(chǎn)的人，歧視那些沒有財(cái)產(chǎn)的。

二、those whom型

當(dāng) those 后引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用作賓語時(shí)，可以省略作賓語的whom。如：

He could imitate in speech or writing most of those he admired.  他能模仿大多數(shù)自己崇拜的偶像的講話和寫作風(fēng)格。

Eric was a gifted teacher beloved by all those he taught over the years. 埃里克是位天才的教師，多年來他一直受到所以學(xué)生們的熱愛。

He sought reconciliation with those he had stolen from. 他想與那些曾被他盜竊的人尋求和解。

Build on the qualities you are satisfied with and work to change those you are unhappy with.  以自己滿意的優(yōu)點(diǎn)為發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)，努力改變自己不滿意的地方。

三、those whose型

當(dāng) those 后引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用作定語且表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 whose。如：

The syndrome is more likely to strike those whose immune systems are already below par.  這種綜合征更容易對(duì)那些免疫系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)低于正常水平的人構(gòu)成威脅。

四、those that / which 型

許多人認(rèn)為，those 后的定語從句只能用 who 來引導(dǎo)，不能用 that 或 which，其實(shí)是誤解。

1. 當(dāng)先行詞 those 指人時(shí)，其后的定語從句可以用 who 來引導(dǎo)，也可以用 that 來引導(dǎo)，但以用 who 引導(dǎo)為普通。如：

None are so deaf as those that will not hear. 最聾的人莫過于不愿聽別人意見的人。

His simple message was that God will punish those that do evil. 他的意思非常簡單：上帝將會(huì)懲罰作惡者。

2. 當(dāng)先行詞 those 指事物時(shí)，其后的定語從句不可以用 who 來引導(dǎo)，可以用 that 來或 which 來引導(dǎo)。如：

The votes in the marginals are those that really count. 邊緣席位的選票才是最關(guān)鍵的。

The design of the new house is similar to those that have already been built. 這棟新房子的設(shè)計(jì)與已經(jīng)建好的那些房子相似。

We must try to find out those which may be attacked most easily. 我們必須設(shè)法找出容易受攻擊的東西。

You are asked to indicate those which most describe your personality. 要求你指出最能表明你性格的那些方面。

另外注意，those后可接定語從句，但these后習(xí)慣上不接定語從句。