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as well as后接動詞的何種形式

本站專家顧問   倪肖丁（陜西西安）

《英語常見問題解答大辭典》（趙振才，黑龍江人民出版社1998）在as well as條目下回答了以下問題：

【問】Thomas was a real friend, for he advised me as well as helping me with my Arabic. (TOEFL, 73.10) 請分析句中的錯誤。

《英語常見問題解答大辭典》回答說：as well as，如同and，or一樣，起并列連詞的作用。它所連接的成分要互相對等，即名詞與名詞并列，動詞與動詞并列，分詞與分詞并列。上面句中的he advised…as well as helping違背了這一原則，故將helping改為helped。

看來編者主張as well as后的動詞形式必須與前文的動詞形式對等，即便是謂語動詞也同樣如此。因為分詞helping與謂語advised不對等，所以要改為 helped.

再來看看同一編著者在其另一本書《初高中英語考點難點詳解詞典》（黑龍江人民出版社2002）中是如何回答讀者下列問題的：

【問】Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed buildings.(全國高考，94-IV)

上面是短文改錯題的示例，要求將climbed改為climbing或climb。將climbed改為climbing，我是理解的，因為as well as可用作介詞。但是，將climbed改為climb，我就不理解了。

（本文作者注：經核實，【問】中所引用的不是1994，而是1992年全國高考試題短文改錯原題的一個小題）

編者在回答中重復了as well as用作并列連詞，要求連接的成分具有相同的詞性或形式的觀點。并指出上面的句子中do與climb并列，是符合平行結構原則的。

但問題在于高考試題的首選答案顯然是climbing，為什么與句中的do沒有保持對等？是否違反了編者主張的“平行結構”原則？編者此時的沉默似乎表明已經放棄了自己在回答上述第一問時所堅持的主張，也說明其對as well as后使用何種動詞形式感到了困惑。

其實，對as well as后使用何種動詞形式有困惑或誤解的現象很普遍。比如，《新課標中學英語慣用法詞典》（黃黎, 2005. 四川辭書出版社）認為下面的句子是錯的，應把answering改為answered，因為其中的as well as是連詞，不是介詞：

He advised me as well as answering my questions. 他給我提出建議并回答了我的問題。

這說明編著者對as well as存在兩方面誤解：

(1) as well as的著重點并非是其后的信息，而是其前的信息。所以該詞典原句的漢譯是不適當的。正確的漢譯應該是“他不僅回答了我的問題，而且還給了我一些建議”。

(2) 原句本來就是正確的，句中的as well as就是介詞，而不是連詞。將answering改為answered不符合英語習慣用法。

那么，as well as后究竟使用何種動詞形式呢？似乎還沒有一本教科書或者語言工具書對此做出過全面的解說。但通過英文原文的閱讀，對英文語言工具書的查閱以及語言學者論述的分析，我們還是能夠理出基本的頭緒。

一般說來，as well as作為準并列連詞（QUASI-COORDINATORS）它既具有并列連詞的功能，也具有介詞或從屬連詞的功能。正因為as well as的這兩種功能，使得其后的動詞形式具有多樣性的特征。

1. as well as后可以接-ing分詞

as well as后接非限定的-ing分詞形式是最為常見的一種現象。該-ing分詞形式可以與句中的謂語動詞相對應。如：

"Aren't I good? I've done all the shopping as well as cleaning the whole house. (cide-halo)

She sings as well as playing the piano. (PEU)

The following discussion identifies seven main categories, as well as discussing other less common meanings. (LGSWE)

She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.（OALD）

The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities. (LDOCE)

She has all her school work to do, as well as looking after her sick mother. (CEED)

As well as helping the environment, energy conservation reduces your fuel bills. (CIDE)

She negotiates the licences as well as ordering the equipment. (CCEU)

也可以與句中的非謂語動詞形式（包括情態動詞或助動詞后的無to不定式）相對應。例如：

Linda was completely exhausted from trying to hold down a full-time job as well as looking after the home.(LPVD)

The joint venture, Jiaxing Independence Auto Design &; Development Co. Ltd., planned to produce up to 10,000 taxis at its large Jiaxing facility, as well as making kits that could be assembled at franchised factories around China.(CCAE)

Diarrhoea can make you feel weak, as well as putting you off your food. (CCED)

Java applets are capable of handling a wide variety of graphic formats as well as creating graphics on the fly. (LDOCE)

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