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2019高考英語全國1卷閱讀理解D翻譯(精校精譯)

■翻譯：張必成（安徽）劉學英（湖北）

Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last

During the rosy years of elementary school (小學), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.

Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (從事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”

In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (調查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”

Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date --- sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.(http://ask.yygrammar.com/)

In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. (m.52ysedu.com)

翻譯：

人善天不欺

（注：本文標題是英文諺語“Nice guys finish last.人善被人欺”的變化形式。）

翻譯：美好的小學時代，我既愛與人分享自己的洋娃娃，又愛給人講笑話，這使我一直享有很高的交際地位——我就是課堂下的校園女皇。然而，隨著青少年期的降臨，來到我生活中的還有一些壞女孩和耍酷少年們。他們不是因為與人友善而名聲大噪，而是由于抽煙、違紀、捉弄他人等惡習。很快，我也成了一名受害者。

翻譯：受歡迎度是社會心理學中一個已經深入探究的課題。臨床心理學教授米奇·普林斯坦將受歡迎的人分為兩類：討人喜歡的人和地位尋求者。討人喜歡的人非常合群，這種特質能深化校園友誼，迅速提升人際交往技巧。而且，這種特質如果發掘的早，會在我們日后的生活及工作之中終生受用；還有一種在青少年時期出現的受歡迎度是源于權力甚至不光彩行為的地位。

翻譯：盡管耍酷少年們看起來很令人羨慕，但普林斯坦博士的研究卻顯示出令人不快的結果。那些在高中交際地位最高的人，以及那些在小學時最不受歡迎的人，“最有可能會做出一些高危及冒險的事兒”。

翻譯：在一項研究中，普林斯坦博士對235名青少年進行了有關兩種受歡迎度的細致分析，并基于學生研究對最不受歡迎者、最受歡迎者和地位最高者進行了評分。“我們發現，隨著時間的推移，最不受歡迎的青少年對他們的同學會變得更加盛氣凌人。”可是，（意外的是，）那些交際地位很高的人竟然也如出一撤。這清楚地表明，雖然討人喜歡可以帶給我們良好的人際適應能力，但是很高的交際地位對我們的影響卻恰恰相反。

翻譯：普林斯坦博士還發現，促使你身邊的小伙伴與你相約玩耍的特質是---愛分享、善良以及開放。這些特質可以延續很久，并使你能夠更好地與他人交往聯系。

翻譯：在對自己及其他更多的研究進行分析時，普林斯坦博士得出了另一個結論：討人喜歡不僅與積極的生活結果密切相關，而且也會促使產生這些結果。他說：“被人喜歡能夠創造出學習以及多種新生活經驗的機會，從而幫助某人獲得某種優勢。”