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以a-開頭的形容詞用法新探 • afraid
江蘇豐縣 李翔
一、afraid的用法
A. 作表語
1. 不敢[害怕](做某事)的 (unwilling to do something because you are worried about what will happen if you do it.) 相當于frightened。
(1) afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人[物] 例如：
Are you afraid of snakes? (=Are you frightened of snakes? / Do you fear snakes? / Are you scared of snakes? / Are you fearful of snakes?)你怕蛇嗎?
I was afraid of the other boys... 我害怕其他的男孩……
(2) afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 例如：
He's afraid of going out alone at night. 他害怕夜晚獨自出去。
(3) afraid to do sth 害怕(或不敢)做某事 例如：
I'm still afraid to sleep in my own bedroom. 我怕仍然不敢再自己的臥室睡覺。
2. 擔憂或憂慮(某事物可能產生的后果); 恐怕 (worried or anxious about (the possible result of sth))
(1) afraid of doing sth 擔心做某事 例如：
I didn't mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him. (=I didn't mention it because I was afraid (that) I might upset him.) 我沒有提起那件事, 因為我怕他心煩意亂。
(2) afraid to do sth 擔心做某事 例如：
Don’t be afraid to ask if you don’t understand. 你要是不懂，盡管問好了。
(3) afraid that.... 恐怕…… 例如：
He's afraid that he might lose customers. (= He's afraid of losing customers.) 他怕失去顧客。
3. 擔心(某事物[某人]會遇到危險) (frightened or worried about things that may put sth / sb in danger)
afraid for sth / sb 擔心某人[物] 例如：
They’ve been laying people off, and Charlie is afraid for his job. 他們一直在裁員，所以查理為自己的工作擔心。
4. I’m afraid... (禮貌地說出令人不快、失望或感到遺憾的事)我怕，恐怕，很遺憾，對不起 (used as a polite way of telling sb. sth. that is unpleasant or disappointing, or that you are sorry about)
(1) I’m afraid that... (通常省略that) 例如：
I'm afraid we can't come. 很抱歉, 我們不能來。
“Are we late?? “I'm afraid that we are.” “我們遲到了嗎？”“恐怕是遲到了。”
注：I’m afraid也可以作插入語，放在后面。例如：
I can't help you, I'm afraid. 我幫不了你的忙, 對不起。
(2) I’m afraid so.(=yes) 恐怕是的。例如：
“Have we missed the train?” “I'm afraid so. (=I'm afraid we’ve missed the train.)” “我們誤了火車了嗎?”“恐怕是誤了。”
(3) I’m afraid not.(=no) 恐怕不是的。例如：
“Was she impressed with our work?” “I'm afraid not. (=I'm afraid she was impressed with our work)” “我們的工作能給她留下印象嗎？”“恐怕不能。”
B. 作賓語補足語
It made you afraid to step out of your house. 這使你不敢走出你的家院。
C. 作狀語
Afraid of being cut off, they lost no time in turning back. 為怕給敵人切斷，他們急忙撤了回來。
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