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2. 積極發(fā)展多種形式的保障制度，把農(nóng)村特殊老年群體優(yōu)先納入社會(huì)保障范圍。對(duì)無勞動(dòng)能力、無生活來源、無法定贍養(yǎng)人、扶養(yǎng)人，或者其法定贍養(yǎng)人、扶養(yǎng)人確無贍養(yǎng)、扶養(yǎng)能力的農(nóng)村老年人，由國家實(shí)施在吃、穿、住、醫(yī)、葬方面給予生活照顧和物質(zhì)幫助的“五保”供養(yǎng)制度。目前，全國享受“五保”供養(yǎng)的老年人達(dá)460多萬人。對(duì)執(zhí)行計(jì)劃生育政策的農(nóng)村獨(dú)生子女或兩女戶夫婦，在年滿60周歲以后，由中央或地方財(cái)政安排專項(xiàng)資金，實(shí)施計(jì)劃生育家庭獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助制度。2005年底，享受該獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助的人群達(dá)到135萬人。中國政府重視城鎮(zhèn)化過程中被征地農(nóng)民的養(yǎng)老問題，確保被征地農(nóng)民基本生活和長遠(yuǎn)生計(jì)，逐步將被征地農(nóng)民納入社會(huì)保障體系。目前已有15個(gè)省（自治區(qū)、直轄市）出臺(tái)了被征地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障辦法，約600萬人被納入社會(huì)保障范圍，籌集資金約500億元人民幣。

China actively develops social security systems of various forms, and priority is given to a special group of elderly people to be covered in the social security system in rural areas. These are elderly people who have lost the ability to work, who have no source of income, and who have no legal guardians whatsoever to support them, or their legal guardians do not have the ability to support them. They enjoy the state's "five guarantees" system, which means that their food, clothing, housing, medical care and burial expenses are taken care of and subsidized by the government.

At present, more than 4.6 million elderly people across the country are benefiting from this government policy. For rural couples who have followed the state family planning policy and given birth to only one child (or two daughters), when they turn 60 they receive a bonus from a special fund made available by the central and local governments. By the end of 2005, some 1.35 million people had received such a bonus.

The Chinese government pays attention to taking care of elderly farmers whose land has been requisitioned in the process of urbanization. By gradually including those farmers in the social security system, the government makes sure that their basic livelihood is permanently guaranteed. So far, 15 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government have drawn up social security policies regarding farmers whose land has been requisitioned. About six million farmers are now covered by social security schemes, and some 50 billion yuan has been raised for this purpose.

問題：原文段落中涉及三個(gè)方面，即“五保”老人的養(yǎng)老問題、獨(dú)生子女夫婦的養(yǎng)老問題和被征地農(nóng)民的養(yǎng)老問題。因此，按照英語行文習(xí)慣，可以分成三個(gè)段落。但譯文第二段的第一句話應(yīng)該放在第一段，這樣才符合英語思維模式。

3. 在政府的引導(dǎo)和扶持下，中國老教授協(xié)會(huì)、老科技工作者協(xié)會(huì)、老年法律工作者協(xié)會(huì)等全國性老年社會(huì)團(tuán)體已發(fā)展到13家，分會(huì)遍及全國各地。中國老教授協(xié)會(huì)和老科技工作者協(xié)會(huì)的個(gè)體會(huì)員數(shù)量超過65萬人。各地成立了退休工程師協(xié)會(huì)、老教育工作者協(xié)會(huì)、離退休醫(yī)務(wù)工作者協(xié)會(huì)等一批以老年知識(shí)分子為主體的社會(huì)團(tuán)體，組織老年知識(shí)分子繼續(xù)為社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作貢獻(xiàn)。各地重視城鄉(xiāng)基層老年群眾組織建設(shè)，2005年底，城市社區(qū)和農(nóng)村老年人協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)展到31.7萬個(gè)，在組織廣大老年人參與基層社區(qū)建設(shè)、社會(huì)公益活動(dòng)和維護(hù)老年人自身權(quán)益等方面發(fā)揮了積極作用。

Under the guidance and with the support of the government, 13 national associations for senior citizens have sprung up, including the China Senior Professors Association, Association of Senior Scientists and Technicians and Association of Senior Lawyers, branches of which have appeared all over China. The membership of China Senior Professors Association and Association of Senior Scientists and Technicians together exceed 650,000.

In local areas, societies with senior intellectuals as the mainstay have been founded, such as the Association of Retired Engineers, Association of Senior Teaching Staff and Association of Retired Medical Workers, which help their members to continue to make contributions to the social and economic development of China. Local governments attach importance to the building of grassroots senior organizations in urban and rural areas.

By the end of 2005, China had 317,000 such associations in both urban and rural areas, playing an active role in organizing large numbers of elderly people to take part in grassroots community construction and public welfare activities, and safeguarding the rights and interests of elderly people.

問題：原文討論了老年協(xié)會(huì)的發(fā)展情況，大致可以分為兩部分，即老年知識(shí)分子協(xié)會(huì)和老年群眾組織。第一部分還可以細(xì)分為全國性協(xié)會(huì)和地方協(xié)會(huì)。因此，譯文分為三段，從理論上來說是可以的。但不管怎樣分段，顯然“各地重視城鄉(xiāng)基層老年群眾組織建設(shè)”作為一個(gè)主題句都應(yīng)該與其后面的展開內(nèi)容放在一起。然而，譯文卻把該句相應(yīng)的英文Local governments attach importance to the building of grassroots senior organizations in urban and rural areas放在第二段末尾，完全不符合英語思維模式。

通過以上分析，可以看出，目前外宣英譯工作還需要極大改進(jìn)。從事外宣翻譯工作者在提高翻譯技巧的同時(shí)，還要不斷提高自己的中英文水平，了解中英文差異，力求譯文在表達(dá)方式、格式措辭、邏輯思維等方面符合譯入語的習(xí)慣，確保信息得到準(zhǔn)確、通暢的傳達(dá)。

對(duì)于中央政府文件的翻譯，由于還涉及國家形象，因此應(yīng)慎重從事。為了確保翻譯質(zhì)量，建議政府部門應(yīng)設(shè)立有中外專家參加的政府文件翻譯顧問組。另外，由于政府文件內(nèi)容往往涉及許多專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，需要翻譯者與各專業(yè)人士通力合作，才能使專業(yè)術(shù)語的翻譯準(zhǔn)確、規(guī)范。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

愛潑斯坦、林戊蓀、沈蘇儒. 呼吁重視對(duì)外宣傳中的外語工作[J]. 中國翻譯，2000年（6）：2—4.

蔡基剛. 英漢寫作修辭對(duì)比[M]. 上海：復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社，2003.

黃友義. 堅(jiān)持“外宣三貼近”原則，處理好外宣翻譯中的難點(diǎn)問題[J]. 中國翻譯，2004年（6）：27-28.

黃友義. 從翻譯工作者的權(quán)利到外宣翻譯——在首屆全國公示語翻譯研討會(huì)上的講話[J]. 中國翻譯，2005年（6）：31-33.

袁曉寧. 外宣英譯的策略及其理據(jù)[J]. 中國翻譯，2005年（1）：75-78.

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