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談談“there be＋名詞＋非謂語動詞”

1. there be+賓語+現在分詞：現在分詞表示主動關系，同時表示動作正在進行：

There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他。

There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站著一個男人。

There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。

There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里勞動。

有時現在分詞可表示一種狀態：

There’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墻有一架鋼琴。

There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我們面前有很多困難。

There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座門通往花園。

有個別現在分詞用于該結構時可以表示將來(正如它們可用進行時表示將來一樣)：

There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10個人來吃晚飯。

2. there be+賓語+過去分詞：過去分詞表示一種被動關系，同時表示動作已經發生：

There is nothing written on it. 上面沒寫東西。

There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人喪生。

有時過去分詞也可表示一種狀態(可轉換成被動結構)：

There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。

There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外邊停著一輛紅色汽車。

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