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高中英語 語法陷阱題800例-形容詞和副詞
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell ____.
A. well, well B. bad, bad
C. well, badly D. badly, bad
【陷阱】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為兩個(gè)smell 均為連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語。
【分析】這是1995年的一道上海高考題，最佳答案為D。句中的第一個(gè) smell 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意為“聞氣味”、“嗅覺”，smell badly 意為“嗅覺差”；第二個(gè) smell 為連系動(dòng)詞，意為“聞起來(有某種氣味)”，smell bad 意為“聞起來氣味難聞”。全句意為“我們并不介意一條獵狗的嗅覺不好，但我們的確不希望它的氣味難聞”。
2. “_____ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _____ man.”
A. What, interesting B. What, interested
C. How, interesting D. How, interested
【陷阱】容易誤選D，認(rèn)為第一空應(yīng)填 how，表示“如何”；第二空應(yīng)填 interested，因?yàn)橛械臅险f –ing 形容詞主要說明事物，-ed 形容詞主要說明人。
【分析】其實(shí)最佳答案應(yīng)是A。英語中表示漢語的“你覺得……如何?”時(shí)，可用How do you like ...? 或 What do you think of ...? 注意兩者搭配不同，即 like 與 how 搭配，think of 與 what 搭配。另一方面，有的書認(rèn)為：-ing形容詞說明事，-ed形容詞說明人。此說法在很多情況下是可行的，但表述欠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)谋硎鰬?yīng)該是：表示使(別)人感到如何, 用-ing形容詞；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容詞。比較：
All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感興趣。
All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種感興趣的表情。
I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種有趣的表情。
再比較：
He is frightened. 他很害怕。
He is frightening. 他很嚇人。
He has a frightened look on his face. 他臉上帶有驚恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face. 他臉上帶有嚇人的神情。
3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _____.
A. very painful B. much painful
C. a lot of pain D. very paining
【陷阱】容易誤選A，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為：pain 表示“痛”，其形容詞painful自然表示表示“感到疼痛的”。
【分析】其實(shí) painful 的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”，而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”，所以它通常用于說明事物，而不宜用于說明人。比較并體會(huì)：
他仍很痛苦。
正：He is still in pain.
誤：He’s still painful.
你感到痛嗎?
正：Do you feel any pain?
誤：Are you painful?
見到你這樣生活我很痛心。
正：I am pained to see you living this way.
誤：I am painful to see you living this way.
聽到他的死訊，我們都很痛苦。
誤：We were all painful to hear of his death.
正：We were all pained to hear of his death.
他眼睛痛。
正：He has painful eyes.
誤：He’s painful in the eyes.
4. “Our team is _____ to win the match.” “Really? But I don’t think so.”
A. easy B. difficult
C. possible D. sure
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，因?yàn)榧偃魡渭儚闹形囊馑紒砜矗膫�(gè)答案均說得通。
【分析】正確答案為D，A、B、C三項(xiàng)填入空格處雖然從漢語來看說得通，但不合英語習(xí)慣。因?yàn)榘从⒄Z習(xí)慣，easy 和difficult 后接不定式時(shí)，其主語(或邏輯主語)通常應(yīng)是 it，而不能是具體的人或物，除非這個(gè)主語與其后不定式有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：
他回答案這個(gè)問題很容易。
誤：He’s very easy to answer this question.
正：It is very easy for her to answer this question. (用形式主語 it 作主語)
正：The question is very easy for her to answer. (主語為具體的事物，但它與其后不定式有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即 to answer this question)
我們很難在半小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這工作。
誤：We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour.
正：It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主語 it 作主語)
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