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語(yǔ)法陷阱題800例—情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”
A. shall B. will
C. would D. can
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選A。shall 用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有以下兩個(gè)用法：
(1) 用于疑問(wèn)句中征求意見(jiàn)。如：
Shall I help you? 要不要我?guī)蛶湍?/FONT>?
Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打開(kāi)嗎？
(2) 用于陳述句中表示允諾、告誡、警告、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等(可用于各類(lèi)人稱(chēng))。如：
You shall suffer for this. 你會(huì)為此事吃苦頭的。(表威脅)
Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個(gè)參賽者要戴一個(gè)號(hào)碼。(表規(guī)定)
You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一來(lái)就可聽(tīng)到所有情況了。(表允諾)
請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案均選 shall)：
(1) “I promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”
A. should B. must
C. would D. shall
2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t D. needn’t
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選A。cannot…too…是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)十分有用的表達(dá)，意為“不可能太……，無(wú)論怎樣……也不算過(guò)分，越……越……”。如：
You can’t be too careful. 你越仔細(xì)越好。
You can’t praise the too much. 這本書(shū)值得大加贊揚(yáng)。
We cannot work too much for the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣褡龉ぷ魇遣豢赡茏鲞^(guò)頭的。
A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人買(mǎi)的衣服再多也不算多。
注：有時(shí)也可用 can never, impossible 等與too連用來(lái)表示類(lèi)似意思。如：
It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那兒越早越好。
3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must B. can
C. need D. may
【陷阱】可能誤選B或C。
【分析】最佳答案為D。may 表推測(cè)，may not 意為“可能不(會(huì)坐火車(chē)來(lái))”。句中的 He should 為 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but，說(shuō)明語(yǔ)意有變化，再結(jié)合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可決定此題選D。注意，不能選B，因?yàn)?/FONT>can表示推測(cè)時(shí)通常不用肯定陳述句。
4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
A. may not be B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 這一語(yǔ)境所決定，既然“沒(méi)下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就應(yīng)是“不可能”，所以選 couldn’t be，即選C。
5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
答案選A。從答話(huà)人的語(yǔ)境可知，空格處的意思“曾經(jīng)這樣想過(guò)”，即對(duì)過(guò)去情況作推測(cè)，故應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式”；又因?yàn)?/FONT> can 表推測(cè)不用于肯定句，故選A。請(qǐng)看類(lèi)例：
Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied
C. should copy D. should have copied
答案選B，既然兩人的答案完全一樣，說(shuō)明“抄襲”已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式”，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選B而不能選D。
6. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.(m.52ysedu.com)
A. can B. could C. must D. should
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】從語(yǔ)境上看，C、D不宜選，在剩下的A和B中，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地選了A，認(rèn)為整個(gè)句子為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以選can，而不選過(guò)去式 could，但是最佳答案卻是B而不是A。按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 用于推測(cè)表示可能性時(shí)，通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推測(cè)時(shí)，卻不僅可用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，也可用于肯定句，且此時(shí)的 could 并不是 can 的過(guò)去式，與 can 也沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別，只是 could 比 can語(yǔ)氣更委婉，所以答案選B。注：can 在以下特殊情況下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的，但是實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)＋形容詞”，表示“有時(shí)會(huì)”、“時(shí)常會(huì)”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父親有時(shí)候很不講道理。
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