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關(guān)閉窗口 三、過去完成時(shí)的用法補(bǔ)充
1. 表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法
過去完成時(shí)除表示“過去的過去”外，還可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法和打算，通常連用的動(dòng)詞是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等：
I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想來，但有事就沒有來。
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. 我本來希望寄給他一張圣誕卡的，但我忘了寄了。
2. 過去完成時(shí)用于特殊句式
在hardly [scarcely, barely]…when [before]…和no sooner…than…等句式中，主句通常要用過去完成時(shí)，而從句則通常要用一般過去時(shí)。這類句式均表示“一……就……”。如：
I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang. 我剛合上眼，電話鈴就響了。
I had no sooner checked into the hotel than he arrived. 我一住進(jìn)旅館，他就到了。
四、過去完成時(shí)用法的一點(diǎn)注意
當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作緊挨著并列出現(xiàn)時(shí)，盡管各動(dòng)詞之間有先后關(guān)系，我們?nèi)匀欢加靡话氵^去時(shí)。如：
Bill saluted, turned, and went out. 比爾敬禮后轉(zhuǎn)身就出去了。
He paused and shook his head. 他稍停了一下，然后搖了搖頭。
另外，由after, before, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，由于這些連詞已經(jīng)清楚地表明了主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的先后順序，所以對(duì)于先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用一般過去時(shí)表示。如：
I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把這消息告訴了他們。
As soon as I (had) put the phone down it rang again. 我剛把電話一放下，它又響了。
五、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)
(1) 過去完成時(shí)表示以過去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即：過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，而一般過去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。如：
He studied there two years ago. 他在那兒學(xué)習(xí)了兩年。(離現(xiàn)在兩年)
He said he had studied there two years ago. 他說他在那兒學(xué)習(xí)了兩年。(離他說話時(shí)兩年)
(2) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前所連續(xù)發(fā)生的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作時(shí)，一般用and, then, but按照動(dòng)作的先后順序連接，此時(shí)通常用一般過去時(shí)而不用過去完成時(shí)。如：
He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他說他去商店買了一些食品。
六、過去完成時(shí)典型考題（附詳解）
1. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come
分析：C。leave 應(yīng)發(fā)生在 had to wait 這個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前，“過去的過去”用過去完成時(shí); 后一空用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來。又如：
The house was quiet. Everybody had gone to bed. 屋子里很安靜，大家都睡覺了。
They had finished the exam and the teacher was hustling to get the papers gathered up. 他們已經(jīng)考完試了，老師正在趕緊收卷子。
People were quite often rude about him, often the people he had helped. 人們經(jīng)常對(duì)他很無禮，其中有很多還曾得到過他的幫助。
2. John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that.
分析：D。到目前為止成為朋友八年，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí); 在那次晚會(huì)相識(shí)成為朋友之前已經(jīng)見過幾次面，用過去完成時(shí)。又如：
The call was answered by a recorded message saying the company had closed early. 電話被轉(zhuǎn)入錄音信息，稱公司早些時(shí)候已經(jīng)下班。
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