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看清詞序，辨清意義
作者：米仙珠（湖南）
來源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2005年第09期（pp26-29)
英語中有的短語，正說也行，倒過來說也行，但它們的意思是不一樣的。中學英語中這類短語常見的有：
1. as much同樣地 / much as很像；雖然，盡管。如：
He said as much. 他就是這樣說的。
He was dressed much as a policeman. 他打扮得很像個警察。
Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. 我倒是很愿意呆在這兒，可確實得回家了。
2. above all首先，最重要的是 / all above以上所有的都。如：
Above all, he was not honest. 最重要的是他不誠實。
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但現在首先要告訴我要去做什么。
The answers all above are correct. 以上所有答案都是對的。
3. before long 不久以后 / long before 老早，早就；在……前很久。如：
I hope to write to you before long. 我希望不久就能給你寫信。
That had happened long before. 那事老早就發生了。
She had left long before his return [he returned]. 在他回來的很久以前她就走了。
4. for good永遠地，一勞永逸地 / good for適于，對……有益。如：
It isn’t as if you were going away for good. 又不是你離開不回來了。
Too much rich food is not good for you. 吃太多油膩的食物對你的身體不好。
This beach is good for swimming but bad for surfing. 這片海灘宜于游泳而不適合作沖浪運動。
5. for fear由于害怕，以免 / fear for為……擔心。如：
We spoke in whispers for fear of waking the baby / for fear (that) we might wake the baby. 我們輕聲談話, 以免吵醒嬰兒。
They feared for the lost child. 他們為丟失的孩子擔心。
He feared for his son’s safety. 他為他兒子的安全擔心。
6. for long長久地，很久地 / long for渴望。如：
We cannot survive for long without food and drink. 我們沒有食物和飲料就活不了多久。
People all over the world long for peace. 全世界的人民都渴望和平。
7. in all 總共，總之 / all in筋疲力盡的；一切包括在內。如：
There are 100 people in all. 一共有100人。
In all, the book is worth reading. 總之，這本書值得一讀。
I am all in at the end of the day. 一天下來我筋疲力盡。
I reckon it costs me two hundred pounds a year to run my car, all in. 我估計，包括一切費用在內，使用我的車一年得花200磅。
8. in advance預先，事先 / advance in在……有進步(提高，發展)。如：
The heavy luggage was sent in advance. 笨重的行李已事先送去。
Everything has been fixed in advance. 一切都已預先安排好了。
He advanced in his career. 他在事業上有進步。
This tribe advanced in civilization. 這個部落逐漸文明起來。
9. in hand 手頭有，掌握住，在進行 / hand in交上來，交來。如：
I still have some money in hand. 我手頭還有些錢。
The work is in hand and will soon be completed. 工作正在進行中，不久就可完成。
Give them a call and let them know we have the matter in hand. 給他們打個電話，告訴他們我們已控制了局勢。
Hand in your examination papers now, please. 現在請把考卷交上來。
Someone handed this parcel in this morning. 今天早上一個人把這個包交了上來。
10. on hand 在手邊(隨時可用) / hand on 傳遞給另一個人。如：
She always has her dictionary on hand when she studies. 她學習時總是把詞典放在手邊。
Please read this notice and hand it on. 本通知看后請傳閱。
Please hand on the magazine to your friends. 請把這本雜志傳給你的朋友看。
11. in turn依次，輪流 / turn in 上交，就寢。如：
They answered the teacher’s questions in turn. 他們依次回答老師的問題。
Turn in your homework, please. 請把家庭作業交上來。
We turn in at nine and get up at six. 我們9點鐘上床睡覺，6點鐘起床。
12. on call 隨時可用，隨叫隨到 / call on拜訪，號召，要求。如：
We should thank the doctor on call at any hour. 我們應感謝那位日夜候診的醫生。
I had meant to call on you, but I was so busy. 我本想來看你的，但是我太忙了。
Then the teacher called on me to answer the question. 這時老師叫我回答問題。
The Party called on us to study hard for the people. 黨號召我們要為人民努力學習。
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13. on fire 著火，急切地
/ fire on攻擊，射擊。如：Her clothes were on fire. 她的衣服著火了。
The enemy fired on the town. 敵人炮擊那座城鎮。
14. only if只有……才，只要 / if only 只要；但愿，要是……就好了。如：
We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我們全隊只有人人各盡所能才能取得成功。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教師的允許，學生才可以進這間屋。
If only he gets the job, it will make a great deal of difference. 他只要能得到這份工作，情況就大不相同了。
If only they would tell me what they’ve decided. 但愿他們能把決定告訴我。
If only he’d remembered to buy some fruit. 他當時要是記得買些水果來該多好。
15. much too太，過分，非常 / too much過多，太多。如：
You are much too kind to me. 你對我實在太好了。
This cake is much too sweet. 這塊蛋糕太甜了。
Don’t take too much medicine. 不要吃太多的藥。
You have given me too much. 你已經給我太多了。(m.52ysedu.com)
He drank (far) too much last night. 昨天晚上他喝得太多了。
16. a kind of一種，某種，有點 / of a kind同類的，一樣的。如：
It was a kind of animal with long ears and a short tail. 那是一種長耳朵短尾巴的動物。
They look alike, talk alike, even think alike—they’re two of a kind. 他們長得很像、說話很像、連想法都很像——他們倆完全是一個類型的。
17. so do I我也如此 / so I do我的確如此。如：
He watches TV every night, and so do
Mother often says that I like to watch TV, and so I do. 母親說我愛看電視，我的確如此。
The teacher asks me to remember three English words every day. I do so. 老師要我每天記三個英語單詞，我這樣做了。
18. not too…to不太…不 / too…not to如此……不會不。如：
English is not too difficult to learn. 英語并不難學。
He is too clever not to see this. 他很聰明，不會不明白這一點。
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