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七、定語從句“口訣五”詳解
關系代詞不一般，
介詞經常用在前，
此時不用that, who，
which, whom才安全。
該口訣的意思是，介詞經常用在關系代詞的前面。這時，關系代詞無論指物或者指人，一律不用that, 也不用who，而必須用which或whom。“介詞+which”是定語從句中常見的語言現象，也是學生不易掌握的一個語法項目，關鍵是這個“介詞”較難確定。但它是有規律可循的，主要有以下幾種情況：
1. 根據時間、地點、原因跟介詞的關系，用“介詞+which”替代when, where, why
(1) 代when
I'll never forget the day on which (=when) my son was born. 我永遠忘不了我兒子出生的那一天。（on根據on the day確定）
The year in which (=when) the earthquake happened was 2008. 發生地震的那年是2008年。（in根據the year確定）
(2) 替代where
This is the office in which (=where) I used to work. 這就是我過去工作過的辦公室。（in根據the office確定）
He forgot the exact spot on which (=where) he had hidden the jewelry. 他忘記了埋藏珠寶的確切地點。（on根據the spot確定）
(3) 替代why
I'd like you to explain the reason for which (=why) you refused my offer. 我想讓你解釋一下你拒絕我的幫助的原因。（for根據the reason確定）
2. 根據與先行詞搭配的具體意義確定介詞
I'll never forget the time during which I was with my friends in the country. 我永遠不會忘記和朋友們一起在鄉村度過的時光。(during根據the time確定)
I will offer you a better way in which you can do the job. 我要給你提供一個做這項工作較好的辦法。(in根據a better way確定)
3. 根據定語從句中動詞或形容詞的搭配確定介詞
She bought several clothes, on which she spent all her money. 她買了幾件衣服，這些衣服花光了她所有的錢。（on根據spend…on確定）
It is the grammar rules of which I am not sure.
我沒有把握的就是語法規則。（of根據be sure of確定）
4. 根據定語從句所表達的具體意思確定介詞
Can you see the river across which there is a bridge? 你能看見上面有座橋的那條河？
He is swimming in the river, on which there is a boat. 他在那條河里游泳，河面上有一只小船。
Here is the river in which I used to swim. 這兒就是我過去常在里面游泳的那條河。
【注意】
有些“動詞+介詞”短語被視為一個固定的詞組，不可分割。這時不能把介詞置于關系代詞前，如：listen to, look at, look for, look after, care for, hear from, send for 等。
This is the right book for which I'm looking. (誤)
This is the right book that I'm looking for. (正)
此外，除了“介詞+ which”以外，如果定語從句的先行詞是“人”，那么也可以用“介詞+ whom”引導定語從句，例如：
Mary is the girl for whom I bought this gift. 瑪麗就是我為其買禮物的女孩。
The person to whom you talked just now is his father. 你剛才跟他談話的那個人是他父親。
（未完待續）
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