打印本文 
關(guān)閉窗口
24. 徐廣聯(lián)主編的《大學(xué)英語語法講座與測(cè)試》(第5版)(華東理工大學(xué)出版社 2014年1月第5版)P623: 6) 表示條件 動(dòng)詞不定式可以表示條件，一般置于句首，否定不定式多置于句尾。不定式表示條件時(shí)，句中謂語常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。例如：
To look at her, you would think her a young woman, but she is in fact 47 years old.(= If you were to look at her)
One would be careless not to see the mistake.(= if one should not see)
How can you catch the train to star so late?
You couldn’t do that to save your life?
You do an honest man wrong to call him a liar.
You will do better to get her support.(=if you get her support)
To be successful, one must do one’s best.
I should be very happy to be of service to you.
One will get into trouble to do such a thing.
To be a masterpiece, the book needs revising again and again.
You will regret one day for your son to marry her.
I should have been sorry to have missed the chance.
She would have been astonished to have received a letter from a stranger.
二、對(duì)“動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語”的不同看法
當(dāng)然，有的語法學(xué)家“動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語”的不同看法，例如Michael Swan在其編著的《牛津英語用法指南》(第二版 翻譯本)(外語教學(xué)與研究出版社2000年9月第1版) P365和《牛津英語用法指南》(第三版 翻譯本)(外語教學(xué)與研究出版社2010年4月第1版) P427認(rèn)為：see 和hear的動(dòng)詞不定式可用來解釋產(chǎn)生假象的原因。這類動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)之后通常跟you’d think或類似的表達(dá)方式。
To see them, you’d think they were married. But they only met yesterday.
To see him walk down the street, you’d never know he was blind.
To hear her talk, you’d think she was made of money.
筆者認(rèn)為以上三句與其看作“動(dòng)詞不定式做原因狀語”，倒不如看作“動(dòng)詞不定式做條件狀語”更易于理解。例如，把“To see him walk down the street, you’d never know he was blind.”改為原因狀語從句，應(yīng)為You’d never know he was blind because you see him walk down the street.很難理解。但是，改為“動(dòng)詞不定式做條件狀語”，應(yīng)為If you see him walk down the street, you’d never know he was blind. if從句表示非真實(shí)的條件，很容易理解。
三、“動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語”能否劃為“動(dòng)詞不定式做原因狀語”
事實(shí)上，動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí)，很難區(qū)分究竟是條件還是原因，例如，在上面提到的張克禮編著的《新英語語法》（第二版）（高等教育出版社 2005年1月第2版）P221就認(rèn)為： 不定式分句有時(shí)把條件和其它語義結(jié)合在一起，如目的、理由等：
You must be strong to lift that weight.
= You must be strong if you are able to lift that weight.
= You must be strong in order to lift that weight.
= You must be strong because you are able to lift that weight.
再如，上面提到的秦裕祥著的《英語語法專題研究》（湖南師范大學(xué)出版社 1999年5月第1版）P180認(rèn)為：如用于表示說話人主觀設(shè)定的條件或與目的的意義相混雜的條件時(shí)即是如此。
You do an honest man wrong to call him a liar or a thief.
You have to be strong to lift a table like that.(筆者注：此句與上面的句子及其相似！ )
然而，不能因?yàn)橛行?/FONT>“動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語”（筆者注：大多數(shù)語法學(xué)家的看法）的句子能夠改為“動(dòng)詞不定式作原因狀語”，就以偏概全地錯(cuò)認(rèn)為所有的“動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語”的句子都可以劃為“動(dòng)詞不定式作原因狀語”。
打印本文 關(guān)閉窗口