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during which與during which time之異同
■湖北武漢 曾克輝
一、during which的用法
during which相當(dāng)于during the time / the period / the course of …， 既可用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句也可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可指時(shí)間，也可指過(guò)程或階段等，意為“在……期間；在……過(guò)程中；在……階段”等。
1. during which 用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，修飾對(duì)象為先行詞，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中表“在……期間；在……過(guò)程中”。如：
September and October are the months of the year during which most English people take their holidays. 一年中9、10兩個(gè)月是大多數(shù)英國(guó)人休假的月份。
說(shuō)明：句中的during which = and during the time of the months of the year 表“一年中的這兩個(gè)月間”。
In 1988,
說(shuō)明：句中的during which = and during the course of the brief naval battle 表“小規(guī)模海戰(zhàn)期間”。
2. during which 用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不修飾整個(gè)句子，只修飾句子中的某個(gè)詞（組），被修飾的詞（組），在從句中表“在……期間；在……過(guò)程中”。如：
She kept her vow for a week, during which she was unusually cross and fretful. 她信守誓言有一星期之久，但在這一星期內(nèi)，她顯得五心煩躁，動(dòng)不動(dòng)就發(fā)脾氣。
說(shuō)明：句中的during which = and during the time of the week 表“在這一星期期間”。
He died in the Anti-Japanese War, during which my grandfather fought side by side with him. 他在抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中為國(guó)捐軀，在抗戰(zhàn)期間，我祖父曾與他并肩戰(zhàn)斗過(guò)。
說(shuō)明：句中的during which = and during the period of the Anti-Japanese War 表“在抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間”。
二、during which time的用法
during which time 相當(dāng)于 during the time that/when + clause，只指時(shí)間，表示“在……期間”。
1. during which time通常用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面主句，側(cè)重點(diǎn)不在于主句中的時(shí)間名詞，而是整個(gè)句子。如：
It took two years for me to get better, during which time he spoon-fed me and did absolutely everything around the house. 我過(guò)了兩年時(shí)間才好起來(lái)，其間他喂我進(jìn)食，并承擔(dān)全部的家務(wù)。
說(shuō)明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that it took two years for me to get better 表“我過(guò)了兩年時(shí)間才好起來(lái)”的整個(gè)過(guò)程。
He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine. 他上了四年大學(xué)，這期間他學(xué)了醫(yī)學(xué)。
說(shuō)明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that he spent four years in college表“他上了四年大學(xué)”的整個(gè)過(guò)程。
2. during which time間或用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但仍是說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)主句，所表達(dá)的還是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的意義。如：
She lived for only seven weeks during which time her sister, Victoria, bought her a small teddy bear. 她只活了7周，在這期間，她的姐姐維多利亞給她買(mǎi)了一個(gè)小泰迪熊。
說(shuō)明：句中的during which time = and during the time when / that she lived for only seven weeks表“她活了7周”這段時(shí)間。
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