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關(guān)閉窗口 高考復(fù)習(xí)最值得注意的五種省略類型
省略是英語中一種很常見的語法現(xiàn)象，使用比較普遍，情況比較復(fù)雜，但針對(duì)高考英語的復(fù)習(xí)備考來說，以下幾類省略用法值得特別注意。
一、涉及并列句的省略
在并列句中，如果所連接的兩個(gè)句子具有相同的句子成分，在不影響句意表達(dá)的情況下，通常可以省略后一成分中的相同詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Wise men have their mouth in their heart, and fools their heart in their mouth. 智者嘴在心里，蠢人心在嘴上。（and fools 后省略了動(dòng)詞have）
She is not an emotional type and so cannot bring herself to tell him I love him. 她不是一個(gè)感情外露的人，因此不會(huì)主動(dòng)告訴他她愛他。（and后省略了主語she）
【典型考題】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（每空限一詞）：
(1) Some came by land and some ________ by water.
(2) On one side of the window is a mirror, and on the other ________ painting.
(3) Hundreds have been killed in the fighting and thousands ________ (make) homeless.
解析：第(1)題填by，為 and some came by water 之省略；第(2)填不定冠詞a，為 and on the other side of the window is a painting 之省略；第(3)句填 made，為and thousands have been made homeless之省略。
二、涉及賓語從句的省略
這類省略尤其要注意的是，省略賓語從句后只保留引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接代詞或連接副詞。如：
I’d like to help in some way, but I’m not sure how. 我想幫點(diǎn)忙，但不知道該怎么做。
I’ll call you ahead of time to fix up exactly when and where. 我會(huì)提前打電話給你，確定時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。
【典型考題】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語（每空限一詞）：
(1) The system keeps crashing and no one is able to figure out ________.
(2) I’ve left my keys somewhere and I don’t exactly know ________.
(3) The patent was granted in (either) 1962 or 1963—I can’t quite remember ________.
解析：第(1)題填 why，表示原因，句意為“系統(tǒng)老是崩潰，誰也不知道是為什么”；第(2)題填 where，表示具體的某個(gè)地方；第(3)題填which，指記不清具體是哪一年。
三、涉及狀語從句的省略
當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句主語相同且從句謂語包括動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，若不影響意思的表達(dá)，通常可以省略從句主語和動(dòng)詞be。這類狀語從句主要涉及時(shí)間、條件、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀語從句。如：
Most pregnant women remain off cigarettes while carrying the child. 大多數(shù)孕婦都在孕期戒了煙。（在while后省略了they are）
If caught, the thief could face up to five years in prison. 如果被捉拿歸案，這個(gè)小偷可能面臨至多5年的監(jiān)禁。（在if后省略了he is）
【典型考題】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（每空限一詞）：
(1) Are you providing a first-class service? If ________, why not?
(2) Once ________ (see), such things can never be forgotten.
(3) If ________ (accept) for this post, you will be informed by May 1st.
(4) Take about 60mg up to four times a day, unless ________ (advise) otherwise by a doctor.
解析：第(1)填not，相當(dāng)于 if you aren’t providing a first-class service之省略；第(2)題填seen，為 they are seen 之省略；第(3)題填accepted，為you are accepted 之省略；第(4)題填advised，為you are advised之省略。
四、涉及主句的省略
在對(duì)話中，有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可以只保留從句的內(nèi)容而將整個(gè)主句省略掉。如：
“How long will you stay here?” “Until we have finished all the work.” “你在這里要待多久？”“要一直待到我們把所有工作都干完。”（Until前省略了主句I will stay here）
“Do you often do exercise in the morning?” “Yes, if I have time.” “你早上經(jīng)常搞鍛煉嗎？”“是的，有時(shí)間就鍛煉。”（if前省略了主句I do exercise in the morning）
【典型考題】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語（每空限一詞）：
(1) “Will you go there with them?” “Yes, ________ my parents don’t let me.”
(2) “Can I use the office phone for private things?” “Yes, as ________ as you don’t make a habit of it.”
解析：第(1)題填 Unless，Unless my parents don’t let me的意思是“除非我父母不讓我去”。第(2)題填long，as long as you don’t make a habit of it 的意思是“只要不養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣就行”。
五、只保留否定詞not的省略
有時(shí)前后兩句句式相同，意思相反（前面為肯定表達(dá)，后面為否定表達(dá)），此時(shí)為簡(jiǎn)潔起見，通常可以將后面一句與前面一句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞 not。如：
If you really like the house, buy it. If not, not. 你要是真喜歡這房子，就買了它。要是不喜歡，就別買。（If not, not為If you don’t like it, don’t buy it之省略）
“Will you help us with all this redecorating?” “No, not unless you pay me.” “你幫助我們做重新裝飾房間的所有活計(jì)好嗎?”“不行，除非你付給我工錢。”（not為I won’t help you with it之省略）
這類用法有些固定表達(dá)值得注意，如 I hope not, I’m afraid not, believe it or not, whether…or not, better not, not really, not exactly等等。
“Excuse me, sir, is the swimming pool open all day?” “Sorry, I’m afraid not. Only from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm.”“先生，請(qǐng)問游泳池整天開放嗎？”“不好意思，恐怕不是。只有下午六點(diǎn)半到九點(diǎn)半開放。”
【典型考題】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語（每空限一詞）：
(1) “Do you mind my smoking here?” “Yes. Better ________.”
(2) I don’t know whether people will buy it or ________.
(3) Ask her if it is a convenient time. If ________, can she suggest another possible time?
(4) “Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?” “I’m afraid ________. Wait till you are old enough, dear.”
解析：第(1)題填not，Better not 為 You’d better not smoke here之省略；第(2)題填not，此處為 whether…or not結(jié)構(gòu)；第(3)題填not，if not 為 if it is not a convenient time之省略；第(4)題填not，I’m afraid not之I’m afraid you cannot go之省略。
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