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關閉窗口 2.兩種定語從句的引導詞不同。非限制性定語從句的引導詞不能替代或省略。
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限制性定語從句 |
非限制性定語從句 |
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①關系代詞可用who(m)/whose/which/that |
①關系代詞可用who(m)/whose/which/(that×) |
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②關系副詞可用when/where/why |
②關系副詞可用when/where/(why×) |
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③引導詞有時可以代替。如， who代替whom，that代替who(m)/which。 |
③引導詞不能替代。（為什么that不能引導非限制性定語從句呢？因為that本質是替代詞。） |
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④引導詞有時可以省略。 |
④引導詞不能省略。 |
例句（that不能引導非限制性定語從句）
●He failed again, which/(that×) was out of my expectation.
●This note was left by Tom, who(that×) was here just now.
●First came Mary, who(m)/(that×) few of us had expected.
二.分割性定語從句
1.什么是分隔性定語從句？即，先行詞+…+定語從句。
一般地，定語從句緊跟在先行詞后邊，即，先行詞+定語從句。有時，為了避免頭重腳輕，把定語從句移到句尾，而導致定語從句不是緊跟在先行詞后邊，即，先行詞+…+定語從句，這種情況叫“分隔性定語從句”。
被哪些結構分隔呢？我們在第一章講過“四結構”：動詞短語，介詞短語，非謂語動詞短語，從句。定語從句被分隔，其實就是各種結構之間調整了順序而已。如，
●I was the only person in my office that was invited.（被介詞短語分隔）
我是我們辦公室里唯一被邀請的人。
●The days will come soon when people have enough to eat and wear.（被謂語分隔）
人們的豐衣足食的日子很快就會到來。
●There are no places left on the earth that the foot of man has not trodden.（被非謂語動詞分隔）
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