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關閉窗口 英語單項填空考點——介詞
【考點揭密】主要考點如下：
1. 常見介詞的常用用法。如at, like, to, by, with, of, for, over等的基本用法。
2. 幾組常用介詞的區別。如表示“通過”的through / across / over；表示時間“在”的in / on / at；表示“在…后”的in / after；表示地點方位的in / on / to / at / by；表示“除…外”的but / except / besides / except for；以及among與between，over與above，to與for等。
3.固定短語或習慣搭配中的介詞。如已考過的有take notice of, walk / go over to, effect on, congratulations on, in sight, in other words等。
【命題趨勢】
1. 題干結構復雜化，使其增加難度。
2. 考查的介詞是常用的，但其用法卻不僅限于教科書，如考查over (=while doing)“在(做)…時”。
【應試策略】介詞的使用頻率高，用法多而雜。一個介詞有多種用法，一個接近的意思又可用不同的介詞來表達。因此，我們要注意每個介詞的用法，并及時歸納分類，弄清易混介詞的用法異同，能夠根據語境或交際條件靈活運用。此外，還要重視介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的習慣搭配。
【真題精選】(按考點規律排列)
1. They had a pleasant chat _______ a cup of tea.
A. for B. with C. during D. over
2. The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _______ the wildlife in the area.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
3.—You are so lucky.
—What do you mean ____ that?
A. for B. in C. of D. by
4. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _______ an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from
5. Marie Curie took little notice _______ the honors that were given to her in her later years.
A. of B. on C. about D. from
6.—What do you want _______ those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat.
A. by B. for C. of D. with
7. The home improvements have taken what little there is _______ my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
8. Rose was wild with joy _______ the result of the examination.
A. to B. at C. by D. as
9. The sunlight came in _______ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room
A. through B. across C. on D. over
10. _______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
11. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen _______ 20 percent.
A. by B. at C. to D. with
12. I wanted two seats _______ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets.
A. of B. about C. to D. for
13. _______ most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late.
A. Like B. As C. For D. To
14. The train leaves at 6:00 p. m. So I have to be at the station______ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.
A. until B. after C. by D. around
【真題詳解】
1. D。over (=while doing / having / eating, etc.)意為“在(做)…期間”。本題取自《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》P.1046的over詞條的原句。句意為：我們一邊喝茶一邊愉快地聊天。
2. B。表示“對…產生后果 / 效果 / 影響”用effect on…。
3. D。What do you mean by that?意為“你那么說是什么意思?”。
4. A。介詞by表示到某事物的程度。又如The carpet is too short by three feet.(那地毯短了3英尺)。本題句意為：幸運的是，子彈在距離船長一英尺的地方與他擦肩而過，沒有射中他。
5. A。take notice of (注意)是固定短語。
6. D。由下文可知，是問箱子的用途。with表示“用”某種工具。
7. C. have taken后是一個賓語從句；該賓語從句又是感嘆句。其正常的語序是what little of my spare time there is，由于調換了詞序，增加了難度。句意為：房屋裝修占據了我那么少的業余時間。
8. B。at表示原因。be wild with joy at… 意為“為…而欣喜若狂”。at常接在某些表示情感變化的形容詞或動詞等后面表示原因。
9. A. 表示某物體從內部“穿過”窗戶要用through。across 指從平面的一邊“橫過”到另一邊；over指“越過”某個障礙物。
10. C。with 意為“因為，由于(=because of)”。as作連詞時才可表示原因。
11. A。表示增加或減少了多少，要用介詞by。
12. D。seat指車上、戲院、音樂廳等的“座位”；Madame Curie是電影名稱；表示“某部電影座位(票)”，用for。又如book two seats for the concert訂兩張音樂會的票。
13. A。介詞like意為“像…一樣”。句意為“像大多數學生一樣，她總是做好準備，上課從來不遲到。”。as作為…；for / to sb 對于某人來說。
14. C。by意為“不遲于(not later than / before)”，表示“在5:40前我必須到達車站。”until與肯定句連用表示結束的時間，即“我不得不一直呆在車站直到5點(就不要在車站了)”。after (在…之后)和around (大約)與語境不符。
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