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九、助詞遺漏型

有的同學對于某些句子結構不明了，寫出來的句子會不符合句子結構或語法邏輯。

1.    他們渴望知道中國的所有事情，并問了我很多問題。

誤：They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.

正：They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.  

析：eager是形容詞。形容詞不能單獨作謂語，應該與連系動詞一起構成“系+表”結構。

2. 別讓小孩干重活。

誤：Not set the boy to do heavy work.

正：Don’t set the boy to do heavy work.

析：肯定祈使句用動詞原形開頭，而否定祈使句則用Don’t + 動詞原形。

3.    不經允許任何人不能進來。

誤：No one can come in without permitted.

正：No one can come in without being permitted.

析：介詞without后應用動名詞，根據句義應用動名詞的被動結構，即being+動詞的過去分詞。

4.    如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去散步了。

誤：If it rain tomorrow, we would not go out for a walk.

正：If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out for a walk.

析：與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，if條件句用動詞的過去時或should+動詞原形或were to + 動詞原形。Should 不能省略。

5. 正在建的大樓是餐廳。

誤：The building which being built is a dinning-room.

正：The building which is being built is a dinning-room.

正：The building being built is a dinning-room.

析：誤句中的定語從句中缺少助動詞。進行式的被動語態由be的一定形式+ being+動詞的過去分詞構成，或用現在分詞的被動語態作定語。

6.    明年這個時候，我們就能完成任務了。

誤：This time next year, we will able to finish the task.

正：This time next year, we will be able to finish the task.

析：be able to“能、能夠”，將來時為will / shall+ be able to, 其中的be很容易漏掉。

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