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七組替代詞的用法區別

■ 替代詞it與one的區別

一般說來，it表特指，相當于“the+名詞”，表示與前面提到的事物為同一物；one表泛指，相當于“a+名詞”，表示與前面提到的人或事物為同類，但并非同一。比較：

I can’t find my pen. Have you seen it? 我找不到我的鋼筆了，你看到過它嗎？

I can’t find my pen. I think I must buy one. 我找不到我的鋼筆了，我想我得去買一支。

另外，注意it與the one的區別：雖然it和the one均表特指，但it后不能接定語短語或定語從句，而the one后面則通常要接定語短語或定語從句。如：

My room is better than the one next door. 我的房間比隔壁房間好。

He was the one who told the police. 告訴警察的就是他。

■ 替代詞one與the one的區別

one用作替代詞主要用于替代“a＋單數可數名詞”，表泛指；若需特指，則用the one。兩者均可受定語短語或定語從句的修飾。如：

A fast train is one that goes fast. 快車是一種行駛快的火車。

The accident was similar to one that happened in 2005. 這個事故與發生在2005年的事故類似。

Open the drawer on the left, the one with a key in it. 打開左邊的抽屜，上面有鑰匙的那個。

Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 這里有六枚戒指，選出你最喜歡的一枚。

I want very much to see these films, especially the one you mentioned. 我很想看這些電影，特別是你提到的那一部。

■ 替代詞the one與that的區別

the one與that均可表特指（均為單數意義），前者可用于指人或指事物，但只用于替代單數可數名詞；而后者只用于事物，但可用于替代單數可數名詞或不可數名詞。如：

He said he would have the one near him. 他說他要靠近他的那一個。

You’re the one who knows where to go. 只有你知道該到哪里去。

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天氣比廣州冷。

A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任務比父母的任務要輕松一些。

■ 替代詞ones與the ones的區別

ones主要用于替代復數名詞，表泛指；若需特指，則用the ones。如：

If you haven’t got a big plate, two small ones will do. 如果沒有大盤子，兩個小盤子也行。

We still have shortcomings, and very big ones too. 我們還有缺點，而且是很大的缺點。

Do you know the ones who moved here recently? 你認識最近搬到這兒來的那些人嗎?

The top front teeth are the ones which are most at risk from tooth decay. 上門齒是最容易受到腐蝕的牙齒(m.52ysedu.com)。

■ 替代詞that與those的區別

1. that用作替代詞主要用于替代“the+單數名詞(可數或不可數)”，表特指。如：

A dog’s intelligence is much greater than that of a cat. 狗的智慧比貓的高得多。

A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任務比父母的任務要輕松一些。

2. those用作替代詞主要用于替代復數名詞，表特指。如：

It’s up to us to help those in need. 我們有責任幫助那些有困難的人。

It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 據說吃得最多的人身體最差。

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些預先訂票的人可以進去。

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