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　4.4.3　分裂句(cleft sentence) 中的謂語動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)　　

分裂句通常用動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。如果that從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)�來時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如果that從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，主句用過去時(shí)，但有時(shí)也可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。有時(shí)分裂句的謂語也可以含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：　　

It may be his father that you are thinking of.　　

I must have been her sister that you saw.　　

It can’t be he who is a teacher.　　

It will not be you that will have to take the blame for this.　　

　4.4.4　分裂句(cleft sentence)也可以用于感嘆句、疑問句及從句中。例如：　　

a. 在疑問句中　　

Was it you that came yesterday while I was out?　　

Was it because you were too busy that you refused to join the tourists?　　

It was Gordon (who) drove Sophia yesterday, wasn’t it?　　

How was it that she passed the exam?　　

What was it that had made you so sad?　　

Who was it that knocked at Miss Lee’s door?　　

Why was it that silver was not widely used as conductor?　　

Which book is it (that) you want?　　

Whose umbrella was it (that) you took away?　　

b. 在感嘆句中　　

What a beautiful painting it was that you showed us!　　

What remarkable intelligence it was that you have displayed!　　

c. 在從句中　　

He told us that it was because he was ill that they decided to return.　　

I wonder whether it was because he had failed in the examination that he was so unhappy.　　

We object to the idea that it is military force that should be resorted to in setting international disputes.　　

　4.4.5　分裂句(cleft sentence) 與that引導(dǎo)的限制性關(guān)系從句的區(qū)別　　

關(guān)于分裂句(cleft sentence)與限制性關(guān)系從句的區(qū)別，請(qǐng)看以下論述： 　　

1. 楊元興等在《英語句型大全》(上海外語教育出版社2007年 3月第1版)p691-693上指出分裂句(cleft sentence)與限制性關(guān)系從句有以下三個(gè)方面的區(qū)別：　　

①用詞方面不同　　

A. 關(guān)系代詞 that, who, whose, whom, which都可以用于限制性關(guān)系從句。但在分裂句中，關(guān)系代詞that用的最多，它既可以指物，也可以指人，who用來指人，whose表示從屬關(guān)系。例如可以說：It is the river that flows through our village. (這是流經(jīng)我們村莊的那條河。)但不可以說﹡It is the river which flows through our village.　　

試比較：　　

It was the dog that I gave the water to. 我給狗喂了水。　　

It was the dog to which I gave the water. 這是我喂了水的那條狗。　　

第一句強(qiáng)調(diào)我喂了水的是狗，而不是別的動(dòng)物。第二句中to which I gave the water是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞dog。　　

It was the girl that she gave the pen to. 她把鋼筆給了這個(gè)女孩。　　

It was the girl to whom she gave the pen. 這就是她給鋼筆的那個(gè)女孩。　　

第一句強(qiáng)調(diào)鋼筆給了這個(gè)女孩，而不是別的女孩或男孩。　　

第二句中to whom she gave the pen是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the girl。上面兩組句子中的 that不能用to which或to which代替。　　

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