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《英漢比較研究與翻譯》中的若干表達問題

■本站特約作者 黃衛峰

英語專業用英語教材具有至少雙重功能，即不僅傳授知識，還要幫助學生提高英語水平，因此，教材中所用語言應該盡可能規范、地道。然而，用作“高等院校英語語言文學專業研究生系列教材”之一的《英漢比較研究與翻譯》（English-Chinese Comparative Studies & Translation） 卻存在不少基本語言表達問題。筆者不揣冒昧，現將其中存在的基本語法錯誤、用詞錯誤、拼寫錯誤三類語言問題提出來，就教于作者及專家學者。如有不當之處，敬請批評指正。

一、基本語法錯誤

1. Ever since the policy of “Reform and Open-door” was carried out, the academic circles in China has been flourishing with many new fields to be approached and new problems to be solved. (p. 3)

問題分析：本句存在主謂數不一致問題。主語the academic circles是復數，謂語has been flourishing顯然應改為have been flourishing。

2. As it is stipulated in the Program of CACSEC, the major purpose of the Association is to “carry out the comparative study of English and Chinese systematically and hierarchically so as to improve the English teaching… (p.3)

問題分析：從句子結構上看，as在這里用作關系代詞，引導非限制性定語從句，用于指主句所提到的信息。由于它本身在從句中充當主語，因此As it is stipulated in the Program of CACSEC中的it多余，應該去掉。

當然，書中也不乏正確使用的例子。如：

As is known to all China has a long history of translation for 3,000 years and a system is said to have been developed with the revision of the translation norms. (p.5)

3. Generally speaking, the term of “comparative” and the term “contrastive” means differently. (p.4)

問題分析：該句存在主謂數不一致問題。主語the term of “comparative” and the term “contrastive”是并列主語，顯然是復數，后面的謂語動詞形式means應改為mean。

4. So the three stages mentioned above simply gives one a general impression of the development of the language. (p. 32)

問題分析：本句主語the three stages為復數，應將謂語動詞gives改為give。

5. But it is not so limited in use, on the contrary, it is much used in many other ways. (p. 36)

問題分析：on the contrary不是一個連詞，不能連接兩個獨立句，因此這是一個逗號句，建議改為But it is not so limited in use. On the contrary, it is much used in many other ways.

6. The sound patterns of language are of great significance to prosody for they constantly influence an author’s choice of words, as well as influencing the sound composition of the words available to choose from. (p. 63)

問題分析：不知作者為何突然在as well as influencing中使用現在分詞形式？從語法角度來說，這是不規范的，應改為as well as influence。事實上，這里的influence重復，完全多余，應去掉。另外，language前最好加一個冠詞a。建議全句改為：The sound patterns of a language are of great significance to prosody, for they constantly influence an author’s choice of words as well as the sound composition of the words available to choose from.

7. Rhyme, assonance and alliteration are among the most easiest ways a poem can be made phonologically cohesive. (p. 63)

問題分析：easiest已經表示最高級，most顯然多余，應去掉。

8. Even though sounds in themselves have no meaning, and even though association between sounds and meanings in language are arbitrary and conventional, there are ways of using sounds to complement meaning. (p. 64)

問題分析：even though association between sounds and meanings in language are

arbitrary and conventional一句中的主語association是單數，謂語are應改為is。

9. In these lines the palatal frictives / z / and / ʤ / contribute not to softness but to harshness and hoarseness, makes the line difficult to pronounce smoothly. (p. 65)

問題分析：makes the line difficult to pronounce smoothly在本句中起補充說明作用，應改為現在分詞結構，即making the line difficult to pronounce smoothly。

10. The sound patterns in the Chinese language also has influence on poetry. (p. 65)

問題分析：本句主語patterns為復數，謂語動詞has應改為have。

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